Няша Jonah Lehrer высрал новую книжку: "Imagine: How Creativity Works". Ждём пираток.
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Будда, мозг и нейрофизиология счастья. Как изменить жизнь к лучшему. Практическое руководство.Столько смешных слов — и все в одном тайтле. Надо полистать.
lib.rus.ec
Ну и ещё интересного о воздействии на воспоминания:
The following day, the subjects returned to the lab and were again shown the yellow square, thus forcing them to recall the stressful memory. It’s at this point that all of the undergraduates underwent “extinction training,” in which they were repeatedly exposed to the scary stimulus but without a corresponding jolt of electricity. Half of the subjects were given this training 10 minutes after their initial recall. The other half didn’t begin training until six hours later, which is after the window of cellular reconsolidation is closed.И моралфажества на тему: wired.com
The timing turned out to be the essential variable. While people forced to wait for their extinction training still showed a potent fear response — the square was still terrifying — those who began training immediately after seeing the square showed no fear response. What’s even more remarkable is that this effect lasted for a year after the intervention. The forgetting persisted; the fear really was gone. As the scientists note, “These findings demonstrate the adaptive role of reconsolidation as a window of opportunity to rewrite emotional memories, and suggest a non-invasive technique that can be used safely in humans to prevent the return of fear.”
By coupling these amnesia cocktails to the memory reconsolidation process, it’s possible to erase particular memories, at least in rodents.wired.com
the inhibition of learning and memory seems to be, in many respects, a less formidable technical challenge
Enter reinforcement learning, a theoretical framework that helps explain how the rewards and punishments of life get translated into effective behavior. It doesn’t matter if it’s monkeys responding to squirts of juice or rats jonesing for pellets or humans plying the stock market: The algorithms of reinforcement learning neatly describe our decisions. The persuasive power of reinforcement is why we give kindergartners gold stars and professionals a monetary bonus: Nothing influences outcomes like a bit of positive feedback. Furthermore, neuroscientists have identified several mechanisms in the cortex that seem to obey these computational principles. It’s an incredibly elegant link between the software of mind and the hardware of brain.wired.com
What is the effect of the change in behaviour on players’ performance? Intuitively, increasing the frequency of attempting a 3pt after made 3pts and decreasing it after missed 3pts makes sense if a made/missed 3pts predicted a higher/lower 3pt percentage on the next 3pt attempt. Surprizingly [sic], our data show that the opposite is true. The 3pt percentage immediately after a made 3pt was 6% lower than after a missed 3pt. Moreover, the difference between 3pt percentages following a streak of made 3pts and a streak of missed 3pts increased with the length of the streak. These results indicate that the outcomes of consecutive 3pts are anticorrelated.
What’s the larger lesson? It turns out that professional athletes over-generalize from their most recent actions and outcomes. They modify their behavior based on the result of a single shot, even though the success of the shot was shaped by unpredictable forces (a butterfly flapping its wings in Tokyo, etc.) and depended on situational details that are unlikely to be repeated. (Perhaps the defender was momentarily distracted, or failed to run around the screen.) As the scientists note, “The behavior of basketball players shows the limitations of learning from reinforcement, especially in a complex environment such as a basketball game.”